CMA（P2）——决策分析与风险管理
信息来源：金融范 2014-10-08 10:08 knroman
CMA（P2）——Decision Analysis And Risk Management
C.1.1. Mason Enterprises has prepared the following budget for the month of July
| |
Selling price |
Variable cost |
Units sold |
| Product A |
$10.00 |
$4.00 |
15,000 |
| Product B |
$15.00 |
$8.00 |
20,000 |
| Product C |
$18.00 |
$9.00 |
5,000 |
Assuming that total fixed costs will e $150,000 and the mix remains constant, the breakeven point (rounded to the next higher whole unit) will be
A. 20,455 units
B. 21,429 units
C. 21,819 units
D. 6,818 units
The next questions are based on the following information. Oradell Company sells its single product at a price of $60 per unit and incurs the following variable costs per unit of product:
| Direct material |
16 |
| Direct labor |
12 |
| Manufacturing overhead |
7 |
| Total variable manufacturing costs |
35 |
| |
|
| Selling expenses |
5 |
| Total variable costs |
40 |
Oradell’s annual fixed costs are $880,000, and Oradell is subject to a 30% income tax rate.
C.1.2. A production and sales volume of 4,000 units of product per month would result in an annual after-tax income (loss) for Oradell Company of
A. $80,000
B. $(80,000)
C. $56,000
D. $(56,000)
C.1.3. Starlight Theater stages a number of summer musicals at its theater in northern Ohio. Preliminary planning has just begun for the upcoming season, and Starlight has developed the following estimated data.
| |
Number of Performances |
|
Average Attendance per Performance |
|
Ticket price |
|
Variable cost1 |
|
Fixed cost2 |
| Mr. Wonderful |
12 |
|
3500 |
|
$18 |
|
$3 |
|
$165,000 |
| That’s Life |
20 |
|
3000 |
|
$15 |
|
$1 |
|
$249,000 |
| All That Jazz |
12 |
|
4000 |
|
$20 |
|
$0 |
|
$316,000 |
1 Represent payments to production companies and are based on tickets sold.
2 Costs directly associated with the entire run of each production for costumes, sets, and artist fees.
Starlight will also incur $565,000 of common fixed operating charges (administrative overhead, facility costs, and advertising) for the entire season, and is subject to a 30% income tax rate.
If Starlight’s schedule of musicals is held, as planned, how many patrons would have to attend for Starlight to break even during the summer season?
A. 77,918.
B. 79,302.
C. 79,938.
D. 81,344.
C.2.1. From the following information calculate economic profit.
| Total Sales Revenue |
$600,000 |
| Explicit Costs: |
|
| Total Cost of Sales |
200,000 |
| Selling Expenses |
50,000 |
| General & Administrative Expenses |
25,000 |
| Implicit Costs: |
|
| Foregone Interest |
20,000 |
| Foregone Entrepreneurial Income |
15,000 |
A. $400,000.
B. $325,000.
C. $305,000.
D. $290,000.
C.2.2. The financial statements of Lark Inc. for last year are shown below.
| Income Statement ($000) |
|
Balance Sheet ($000) |
| Revenue |
$4,000 |
|
Current assets |
$800 |
Current liabilities |
$500 |
| Cost of sales |
2,900 |
|
Plant & equipment |
3,200 |
Long-term debt |
$1,000 |
| Gross margin |
1,100 |
|
|
|
Common equity |
$2,500 |
| General & admin |
500 |
|
|
$4,000 |
|
$4,000 |
| Interest |
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Taxes |
150 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Net income |
$350 |
|
|
|
|
|
If Lark’s book values approximate market values and if the opportunity costs of debt and equity are 10% and 15%, respectively, what was the economic profit for Lark last year?
A. ($125,000).
B. ($25,000).
C. $0.
D. $350,000.
A. economists exclude labor costs.
C.2.3. Refrigerator Company manufactures ice-makers for installation in refrigerators. The costs per unit, for 20,000 units of ice-makers, are as follows.
| Direct materials |
$7 |
| Direct labor |
$12 |
| Variable overhead |
$5 |
| Fixed overhead |
$10 |
| Total costs |
$34 |
Cool Compartments Inc. has offered to sell 20,000 ice-makers to Refrigerator Company for $28 per unit. If Refrigerator accepts Cool Compartments’ offer, the facilities used to manufacture ice-makers could be used to produce water filtration units. Revenues from the sale of water filtration units are estimated at $80,000, with variable costs amounting to 60% of sales. In addition, $6 per unit of the fixed overhead associated with the manufacture of ice-makers could be eliminated.
For Refrigerator Company to determine the most appropriate action to take in this situation, the total relevant costs of make vs. buy, respectively, are
A. $600,000 vs. $560,000.
B. $648,000 vs. $528,000.
C. $600,000 vs. $528,000.
D. $680,000 vs. $440,000.
C.2.4. Basic Computer Company (BCC) sells its micro-computers using bid pricing. It develops bids on a full cost basis. Full cost includes estimated material, labor, variable overheads, fixed manufacturing overheads, and reasonable incremental computer assembly administrative costs, plus a 10% return on full cost. BCC believes bids in excess of $925 per computer are not likely to be considered.
BCC’s current cost structure, based on its normal production levels, is $500 for materials per computer and $20 per labor hour. Assembly and testing of each computer requires 12 labor hours. BCC’s variable manufacturing overhead is $2 per labor hour, fixed manufacturing overhead is $3 per labor hour, and incremental administrative costs are $8 per computer assembled.
The company has received a request from the School Board for 500 computers. BCC’s management expects heavy competition in bidding for this job. As this is a very large order for BCC, and could lead to other educational institution orders, management is extremely interested in submitting a bid which would win the job, but at a price high enough so that current net income will not be unfavorably impacted. Management believes this order can be absorbed within its current manufacturing facility. Which one of the following bid prices should be recommended to BCC’s management?
A. $764.00.
B. $772.00.
C. $849.20.
D. $888.80.
C.3.1. Consider the following manufacturing-related activities.
I. Conducting the final assembly of wooden furniture.
II. Moving completed production to the finished goods warehouse.
III. Painting newly-manufactured automobiles.
IV. Setting up a machine related to a new production run.
V. Reworking defective goods to bring them up to quality standards.
The activities that would be classified as value-added activities are
A. II, III, IV, and V only.
B. I, IV, and V only.
C. I, III, and V only.
D. I and III only.
C.3.2. Almelo Manpower Inc. provides contracted bookkeeping services. Almelo has annual fixed costs of $100,000 and variable costs of $6 per hour. This year the company budgeted 50,000 hours of bookkeeping services. Almelo prices its services at full cost and uses a cost-plus pricing approach. The company developed a billing price of $9 per hour. The company’s mark-up level would be
A. 12.5%.
B. 33.3%.
C. 50.0%.
D. 66.6%.
C.3.3. Basic Computer Company (BCC) sells its microcomputers using bid pricing. It develops its bids on a full cost basis. Full cost includes estimated material, labor, variable overheads, fixed manufacturing overheads, and reasonable incremental computer assembly administrative costs, plus a 10% return on full cost. BCC believes bids in excess of $1,050 per computer are not likely to be considered.
BCC’s current cost structure, based on its normal production levels, is $500 for materials per computer and $20 per labor hour. Assembly and testing of each computer requires 17 labor hours. BCC expects to incur variable manufacturing overhead of $2 per labor hour, fixed manufacturing overhead of $3 per labor hour, and incremental administrative costs of $8 per computer assembled.
BCC has received a request from a school board for 200 computers. Using the full-cost criteria and desired level of return, which one of the following prices should be recommended to BCC’s management for bidding purposes?
A. $874.00.
B. $882.00.
C. $961.40.
D. $3,200,000 and $1,700.000.
关键词:
Decision Analysis And Risk Management